Privacy Policy

The personal information we collect depends on how you interact with AER.

Information you provide to us

When you contact AER, we may collect information such as your name, business email address, company or organization, role or title, company website, ticker or exchange information, the nature of your inquiry, and any information you include in your message.

When you request access to gated research, we collect your email address so that we can provide and manage access to the research.

When you subscribe to AER email updates, we collect your email address and your selected communication preferences, such as whether you wish to receive AER Research updates, AER Insights, or both.

We also maintain records relating to subscription requests, confirmations, consent, preference changes, unsubscribes, and related delivery or synchronization events.

Please do not provide sensitive personal information through our contact forms or other public website fields unless it is genuinely necessary for your interaction with us.

Research access and readership information

When you request or open gated AER research, we may record information associated with that access, including the report accessed, the date and time of access, and whether access was granted or the report was opened.

We may also receive approximate location information from network and infrastructure metadata, such as country, region, city, and timezone. AER does not store raw IP addresses, precise geographic coordinates, postal location information, or browser fingerprints in its report-access database.

Our website and infrastructure providers may nevertheless process IP addresses and other technical information as necessary to deliver, secure, and operate the website.

Website and technical information

When you use our website, we or our service providers may automatically process limited technical and usage information, which may include pages viewed, approximate location, referral source, device category, session or visit information, browser or network information, and website performance or error information.

We use this information to operate, secure, understand, and improve the website and our services.

We do not currently use third-party advertising pixels or behavioral advertising technologies to build profiles of visitors for cross-site advertising.

We use personal information for legitimate business and operational purposes, including to:

• respond to inquiries and communicate with you;
• provide access to requested research;
• administer research-access permissions;
• deliver email communications you have requested;
• record and manage subscription consent and preferences;
• operate, maintain, secure, and improve our website;
• detect abuse, fraud, automated submissions, and security threats;
• understand readership and website usage;
• maintain business and compliance records;
• enforce our legal terms; and
• comply with applicable legal or regulatory obligations.

Where applicable data protection law requires a lawful basis for processing, the basis will depend on the purpose.

We may process information where it is necessary to provide a service or take steps you have requested, where you have provided consent, where processing is necessary for our legitimate interests and those interests are not overridden by your rights, or where processing is necessary to comply with legal obligations.

For email marketing and research-update subscriptions, we rely on your affirmative subscription request and confirmation where required. You may withdraw that consent at any time.

AER offers different categories of email communications, including AER Research and AER Insights.

Subscription selections are optional. Where our double-opt-in process applies, your selected email communications are not activated until you confirm your subscription using the confirmation link sent to your email address.

Your subscription preferences are additive when you make a subsequent subscription request. For example, if you are already subscribed to AER Research and later confirm a request for AER Insights, your existing Research subscription remains active and Insights is added.

You may unsubscribe from marketing communications at any time. We may retain limited information necessary to record and honor your unsubscribe request, demonstrate consent history, prevent accidental reactivation, or comply with applicable law.

Transactional or service-related communications may still be sent where necessary, such as confirmation messages, responses to an inquiry, or communications required to provide a service you requested.

Certain AER reports may require an email address before the full report can be accessed.

Providing an email address for report access does not, by itself, subscribe you to AER marketing communications. Where subscription options are presented alongside a report-access request, those selections are optional and require the applicable subscription process.

Once research access is granted, AER may use a secure browser cookie to recognize that access for a limited period. Research files are delivered using temporary access links rather than permanently public file URLs.

AER uses cookies and related browser technologies where necessary to operate website functionality.

For example, a secure research-access cookie may be used to remember that a visitor has completed the required research-access process. That cookie currently has a maximum life of 30 days.

Authorized AER administrative users may also use browser-based authentication storage necessary to maintain secure CMS sessions.

Our infrastructure and analytics services may process technical information needed to measure website usage, maintain security, diagnose errors, and operate the site.

We do not currently use advertising cookies for cross-context behavioral advertising.

Additional information may be provided in our Cookie Policy.

We use technical and organizational measures intended to protect personal information and our services against unauthorized access, misuse, loss, abuse, and automated activity.

These measures may include access controls, restricted databases, authentication controls, private file storage, encrypted connections, hashed security tokens, rate limits, bot-detection mechanisms, audit records, and limited-duration access credentials.

Confirmation and research-access tokens stored by AER are stored in hashed form rather than as the original usable token.

No system can guarantee absolute security, and users should take reasonable care when communicating information online.

We do not sell personal information, rent mailing lists, or disclose personal information for cross-context behavioral advertising.

We may disclose personal information to service providers that assist us with functions such as:

• website hosting and infrastructure;
• cloud databases and file storage;
• email delivery and communication management;
• website security and bot prevention;
• analytics and performance monitoring;
• technical support; and
• other operational services.

These providers may process information on our behalf only as necessary to provide their services and subject to applicable contractual, confidentiality, security, and data-protection obligations.

We may also disclose information where reasonably necessary to comply with law, legal process, regulatory requirements, enforce our rights, protect AER or others, investigate misconduct, prevent fraud or security incidents, or in connection with a business restructuring, merger, acquisition, financing, or transfer of business assets.

AER operates from India and provides research and digital services to users in multiple jurisdictions.

Personal information may therefore be processed or stored outside the country in which you are located, including in India and in jurisdictions where our technology and service providers operate.

Where applicable law requires safeguards for international transfers, we will use appropriate legal, contractual, or other recognized safeguards.

We retain personal information only for as long as reasonably necessary for the purposes for which it was collected, including business, operational, security, compliance, and legal purposes.

We may retain information for longer where reasonably necessary to establish, exercise, or defend legal claims, investigate fraud or security incidents, comply with law, or preserve records subject to a legal requirement.

Depending on where you live and the laws that apply, you may have rights concerning your personal information.

These may include rights to:

• request access to information we hold about you;
• request correction of inaccurate information;
• request deletion;
• restrict certain processing;
• object to certain processing;
• obtain certain information in a portable form;
• withdraw consent where processing is based on consent; and
• lodge a complaint with an applicable privacy or data-protection authority.

Withdrawing consent does not affect the lawfulness of processing that occurred before withdrawal.

You may unsubscribe from AER marketing communications at any time.

AER will not discriminate against you for exercising privacy rights available to you under applicable law.

Where applicable U.S. state privacy law provides additional rights, eligible individuals may exercise those rights by contacting us using the details below.

AER does not sell personal information and does not share personal information for cross-context behavioral advertising.

We do not use or disclose sensitive personal information for purposes of inferring characteristics about individuals.

AER's website and research services are intended for professional, institutional, sophisticated, and adult users and are not directed to children under 18.

We do not knowingly solicit personal information from children. If we learn that personal information was collected from a child in circumstances where it should not have been collected, we may take appropriate steps to delete it.

AER does not use personal information to make decisions based solely on automated processing that produce legal or similarly significant effects on individuals.

Automated systems may be used for routine operational purposes such as spam detection, security checks, rate limiting, or website functionality.

Our website may contain links to external websites, research sources, regulatory filings, companies, or other third-party resources.

AER is not responsible for the privacy practices, content, or security of third-party websites. Their own privacy policies and terms apply when you interact with them.

We may update this Privacy Policy as our services, technology, business practices, or legal requirements change.

The effective date at the top of this page will indicate when the policy was most recently updated. Where appropriate, we may provide additional notice of material changes.

Questions, privacy requests, complaints, or requests to exercise applicable privacy rights may be sent to:

We will review privacy requests and respond in accordance with applicable law.